What are the four characteristics of semiconductors?

Semiconductors have four main properties, namely:
● Resistance Characteristics: The resistance of a semiconductor changes with temperature. Typically, the resistance of semiconductors increases with temperature, unlike metals, whose resistance generally decreases with temperature.
● Conductivity: The electrical conductivity of semiconductors is between that of conductors and insulators. Its electrical conductivity can be changed by controlling doping or applying an electric field, so the semiconductor can be used as an electrical conductor in electronic devices.
● Band Structure: The band structure of a semiconductor determines its electronic behavior. There are valence band and conduction band in semiconductors. The energy gap between the two determines the energy required for electrons to jump from the valence band to the conduction band.
● Carrier Characteristics: In semiconductors, carriers are the carriers of charge. There are two types of carriers in semiconductors: electrons (negatively charged) and holes (positively charged). Controlling and understanding carrier behavior is critical to the design and functionality of semiconductor devices.
These characteristics determine the application and working principles of semiconductors in electronic devices, such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits.