What Electronic Components Do Semiconductors Include?

The so-called semiconductor refers to a substance whose electrical properties are between metal conductors and insulators. It is generally a solid (such as germanium, silicon and certain compounds). The impurity content and changes in external conditions (such as temperature changes, light exposure, etc.) will cause Its electrical conductivity changes.
Current semiconductor components include: diodes, transistors, field effect transistors, thyristors, Darlington tubes, LEDs, and integrated blocks and chips containing semiconductor tubes.
① Diode
Diode, (English: Diode), among electronic components, the most common function of a diode is to only allow current to pass in one direction (called forward bias), and block it in the reverse direction (called reverse bias). Therefore, a diode can be thought of as an electronic version of a check valve.
② Transistor
An electronic component composed of three electrodes. There are two types of tube triodes and semiconductor triodes. The electron tube triode is composed of screen electrode, grid electrode and cathode; the semiconductor triode is composed of collector electrode, base electrode and emitter electrode.
③ Field effect tube
Field effect transistors are voltage control components, which are similar to triodes of electron tubes, but their structure and working principle are completely different from those of electron tubes. Compared with bipolar transistors, field effect transistors have the following characteristics:
(1) The field effect transistor is a voltage control device, which controls ID through UGS;
(2) The input current of the field effect transistor is extremely small, so its input resistance is very large.
(3) It uses majority carriers to conduct electricity, so its temperature stability is good;
(4) The voltage amplification factor of the amplifier circuit composed of it is smaller than the voltage amplification factor of the amplifier circuit composed of triodes;
(5) Field effect tubes have strong radiation resistance;
(6) Since there is no shot noise caused by the diffusion of chaotically moving minority carriers, the noise is low.
④ Thyristor
The conduction conditions of the thyristor are: forward voltage is applied and the gate has a trigger current; its derivative devices include: fast thyristor, bidirectional thyristor, reverse conduction thyristor, light-controlled thyristor, etc. It is a high-power switching semiconductor device, represented by the text symbols "V" and "VT" in the circuit (represented by the letters "SCR" in the old standard).
⑤ Darlington tube
Darlington tube principle Darlington tube is also called composite tube. It connects two triodes together appropriately to form an equivalent new triode. This is equivalent to the amplification of the triode being the product of the two. Applications of Darlington tubes:
(1) Used in high-power switching circuits, motor speed regulation, and inverter circuits.
(12 drives small relays. A circuit that uses CMOS circuits to drive high-sensitivity relays through Darlington tubes, as shown in the upper right figure. Inside the dotted box is the low-power NPN Darlington tube FN020.
(3) Drive LED smart display
⑥ LED diode
LightEmitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor component. At first, they were mostly used as indicator lights, display LED boards, etc. With the emergence of white light LEDs, they were also used as lighting.
LED is called the fourth generation lighting source or green light source. It has the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, long life and small size. It is widely used in various indications, displays, decorations, backlights, general lighting and urban night scenes.